With improved care of often life-threatening clinical challenges, like congenital heart disease and leukemia, as well as epilepsy management, individuals with Down syndrome are living much longer, often requiring specialized healthcare and support systems as they age. By some estimates, people with Down syndrome in their 40s are more like a typical person in their 60s when it comes to their biologic age.

This produces a unique situation in which age-related disorders start to appear earlier in life. At the Down Syndrome Clinic and Research Center, our clinical staff are aware of this and work with patients and families so that these issues can be monitored. Additionally, our researchers at the Institute are tackling some of these key issues.

Some key challenges for aging individuals with Down syndrome include:

  • Early-onset Alzheimer's: A significant concern, as people with Down syndrome are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease at a younger age due to genetic factors associated with the extra chromosome 21.
  • Thyroid dysfunction: Common issue requiring regular monitoring and medication management.
  • Cardiac complications: Congenital heart defects can persist into adulthood and require ongoing care.
  • Sensory impairments: Hearing loss and vision problems are prevalent and can impact quality of life.
  • Sleep disorders: Obstructive sleep apnea is a common issue, affecting breathing during sleep.
  • Gastrointestinal problems: Digestive issues like constipation and difficulty swallowing can occur.
  • Mental health concerns: Anxiety and depression can be exacerbated by aging and the challenges associated with Down syndrome.

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